Copper resistance mechanisms in plant pathogenic bacteria

Copper is an essential element for microbes as it involved in many redox reactions. Numerous resistance systems have been evolved to maintain copper homeostasis under stress conditions. These are responsible the influx and efflux of ions cells. In phytopathogenic bacteria, play roles during disease development plants. Copper-based chemicals extensively used control diseases caused by which leads induced pathogen derived from various systems. Previous studies shown that harnessed host plants protect against bacterial infections, triggering immune responses through activation defence signalling pathways. Thus, was anticipated could alternative role adaptation plant immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge pathogenic may provide a new perspective molecular mechanisms associated with